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Bsc 4th Semester Botany Honours Core Course IX-Plant Ecology and Phytogeography

 

Course Code: BC409T

Core Course IX: Plant Ecology and Phytogeography

The objective of this course is to expose the students to interaction of plant with its surroundings and also the geographic distribution of different plants

 

(Credits: Theory-4, Practical-2)

 

THEORY

 

                                                           Lectures: 6 0                                                                             

 

Unit 1: Introduction                                                                                                                                 (4 lectures)

 

Basic concepts; Levels of organization. Inter-relationships between the living world and the environment, the components and dynamism, homeostasis.

 

(15 lectures)

Unit 2: Soil : Importance, Origin, Formation, Composition, Physical, Chemical and Biological components, Soil profile, Role of climate in soil development; Water: Importance, States of water in the environment, Atmospheric moisture, Precipitation types (rain, fog, snow, hail, dew); Hydrological Cycle, Water in soil, Water table. Light, temperature, wind and fire Variations, adaptations of plants to their variation.

Bsc 4th Semester Botany Honours Core Course IX-Plant Ecology and Phytogeography


 

Unit 3: Biotic interactions:                                                                                                                    (5 lectures)


 

Trophic organization, basic source of energy, autotrophy, heterotrophy; symbiosis, commensalism, parasitism;


 

Unit 4: Population ecology:

 

Characteristics and Dynamics .Ecological Speciation


 

(6 lectures)


 

Unit 5: Plant communities                                                                                                                     (6 lectures)


Concept of ecological amplitude; habitat and niche; Characters: analytical and synthetic; Ecotone and

 

edge effect; Dynamics: succession – processes, types; climax concepts.

 

 

0Unit 6: Ecosystems: Structure and Function                                                                         (12 lectures)

 

Ecological pyramids. Principles and models of energy flow; Production and productivity; Ecological Biogeochemical cycles; Cycling of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

 

 

 

Unit 7: Phytogeography

 

Principles; static and dynamic phytogeography, Continental drift; Theory of tolerance; Endemism; Brief description of major terrestrial biomes (one each from tropical, temperate & tundra); Phytogeographical regions of India; Local Vegetation.

 

 

 

 

 

 


Course Code: BC409P

Core Course IX - Practical: Plant Ecology and Phytogeography

 

1.      Study of instruments used to measure microclimatic variables: Soil thermometer, maximum and minimum thermometer, anemometer, psychrometer/hygrometer, rain gauge and lux meter.

 

2.      Determination of pH of various soil and water samples (pH meter, universal indicator/Lovibond comparator and pH paper)

 

3.      Analysis for carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, organic matter and base deficiency from two soil samples by rapid field tests.

 

4.      Determination of organic matter of different soil samples by Walkley & Black rapid titration method.

 

5.      Comparison of bulk density, porosity and rate of infiltration of water in soils of three habitats.

 

6.      Determination of dissolved oxygen of water samples from polluted and unpolluted sources.

 

7.      (a). Study of morphological adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes (four each).

 

(b). Study of biotic interactions of the following: Stem parasite (Cuscuta), Root parasite (Orobanche) Epiphytes, Predation (Insectivorous plants).

 

8.      Determination of minimal quadrat size for the study of herbaceous vegetation in the college campus, by species area curve method (species to be listed).

 

9.      Quantitative  analysis  of  herbaceous  vegetation  in  the  college  campus  for  frequency  and

 

comparison with Raunkiaer’s frequency distribution law.

 

10.    Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation for density and abundance in the college campus.

 

11.    Field visit to familiarise students with ecology of different sites.

 

Suggested Readings

 

1.      Odum, E.P. (2005). Fundamentals of ecology. Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 5th edition.

 

2.      Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P., Gupta, S. (2006). Ecology Environment and Resource Conservation. Anamaya Publications, New Delhi, India.

3.      Sharma, P.D. (2010). Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India. 8th edition.

4.      Wilkinson, D.M. (2007). Fundamental Processes in Ecology: An Earth Systems Approach. Oxford University Press. U.S.A.

 

5.      Kormondy, E.J. (1996). Concepts of ecology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India. 4th edition.

 Download On this Syllabus :-   CLICK ME 
 

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